| faction |
/ˈfækʃən/ |
n. |
派系/派系斗争 |
rival factions within the administration / a party divided by faction and intrigue |
| factious |
/ˈfækʃəs/ |
adj. |
导致分裂的/派系的 |
The political party is currently dealing with factious disagreements |
| partisan |
/ˈpɑːrtɪzn/ |
n. |
偏袒的 |
Someone who is partisan strongly supports a particular person or cause, often without thinking carefully about the matter / He is clearly too partisan to be a referee |
| board |
/bɔːrd/ |
n. |
委员会 |
The Scottish tourist board / The board of directors is meeting to discuss the company’s future |
| Senate |
/ˈsɛnɪt/ |
n. |
参议院 |
The Senate will vote on the healthcare bill next week |
| Congress |
/ˈkɒŋɡrɪs/ |
n. |
国会 |
Congress is in session to discuss the new tax law |
| diplomacy |
/dɪˈploʊməsi/ |
n. |
外交 |
His sudden plunge into the field of international diplomacy is a major surprise |
| confederate |
/kənˈfɛdərɪt/ |
n. |
同盟者/共犯 |
The rebels found confederates in the neighboring country |
| league |
/liːɡ/ |
n. |
联盟 |
Several countries have formed a league to combat climate change |
| affiliate |
/əˈfɪlieɪt/ |
n. |
分支机构 |
The World Chess Federation has affiliates in around 120 countries. |
| unconventional |
/ʌnkənˈvɛnʃənl/ |
adj. |
非传统的 |
His unconventional approach to politics won him many followers |
| dictatorial |
/ˌdɪktəˈtɔːrɪəl/ |
adj. |
独裁的 |
The dictator’s dictatorial policies led to widespread unrest |
| domestic |
/dəˈmɛstɪk/ |
adj. |
国内的 |
Domestic issues were at the forefront of the election |
| potent |
/ˈpoʊtnt/ |
adj. |
强有力的 |
Something that is potent is very effective and powerful / The medication is potent, so only take the recommended dosage |
| authoritative |
/əˈθɔːrɪtətɪv/ |
adj. |
权威性的 |
the most authoritative book on the subject |
| centralized |
/ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd/ |
adj. |
中央集权的 |
The government is centralized and has offices in the capital |
| authority |
/əˈθɔːrɪti/ |
n. |
当局 |
This provided a pretext for the authorities to cancel the elections |
| democracy |
/dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/ |
n. |
民主 |
The country transitioned from a monarchy to a democracy |
| petition |
/pəˈtɪʃən/ |
n. |
请愿 |
They started a petition to change the local parking rules |
| territory |
/ˈtɛrɪtɔːri/ |
n. |
领土，领地 |
The government denies that any of its territory is under rebel control |
| nationality |
/ˌnæʃəˈnælɪti/ |
n. |
国籍 |
Her nationality is German, but she speaks many languages |
| kingdom |
/ˈkɪŋdəm/ |
n. |
王国 |
The Kingdom of Denmark is a constitutional monarchy |
| realm |
/rɛlm/ |
n. |
领域 / 王国 |
In the realm of physics, his research is ground-breaking / Defence of the realm is crucial |
| regime |
/ˈreɪˈʒiːm/ |
n. |
政体/统治方式 |
the collapse of the Fascist regime at the end of the war |
| sovereignty |
/ˈsɒvərɪnti/ |
n. |
主权，统治权 |
The country fought for sovereignty and independence |
| autonomy |
/ɔːˈtɑːnəmi/ |
n. |
自治权 |
The region was granted autonomy but is still part of the country |
| commission |
/kəˈmɪʃən/ |
n. |
委员会 |
The commission was set up to investigate the incident |
| committee |
/kəˈmɪti/ |
n. |
委员会 |
The committee will review the proposal before making a decision. |
| election |
/ɪˈlɛkʃən/ |
n. |
选举 |
The presidential election is held every four years |
| ballot |
/ˈbælət/ |
n. |
选票 |
The voters cast their ballots at the local polling station |
| ideology |
/ˌaɪdɪˈɒlədʒi/ |
n. |
意识形态 |
His political ideology is grounded in social justice |
| parade |
/pəˈreɪd/ |
n. |
游行，阅兵式 |
The town held a parade to celebrate the holiday / A military parade marched slowly and solemnly down Pennsylvania Avenue |
| govern |
/ˈɡʌvərn/ |
v. |
统治，管理 |
The governor will govern the state for a term of four years |
| confer |
/kənˈfɜːr/ |
v. |
商讨 |
The president will confer with his advisors before making a decision |
| entitle |
/ɪnˈtaɪtl/ |
v. |
赋予权利 |
The new law entitles all citizens to healthcare |
| exploit |
/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ |
v. |
利用，剥削 |
The company was accused of exploiting its workers |
| maneuver |
/məˈnuːvər/ |
n./v. |
策略/演习 |
diplomatic manoeuvres （外交策略） / The army practiced a defensive maneuver |
| emigrate |
/ˈɛmɪɡreɪt/ |
v. |
移民 |
He emigrated to Belgium |
| immigrate |
/ˈɪmɪɡreɪt/ |
v. |
迁入，移民 |
He immigrated to the United States when he was young |
| enslave |
/ɪnˈsleɪv/ |
v. |
奴役 |
To enslave someone means to make them into a slave / The invading army enslaved the local population |
| impel |
/ɪmˈpɛl/ |
v. |
驱使 |
His desire for knowledge impelled him to study |
| oust |
/aʊst/ |
v. |
罢免/革职 |
He was ousted as chairman / The board voted to oust the CEO |
| impeach |
ɪmˈpiːtʃ |
v. |
弹劾 |
to impeach the president |
| banish |
/ˈbænɪʃ/ |
v. |
放逐，驱逐 |
If someone or something is banished from a place or area of activity, they are sent away from it and prevented from entering it / John was banished from England |
| deport |
/dɪˈpɔːrt/ |
v. |
驱逐出境 |
The illegal immigrants were deported back to their home country |
| exile |
/ˈeksaɪl/ |
n./v. |
被流放 |
to be/live in exile |
| reign |
/reɪn/ |
n./v. |
统治，主权 |
Queen Victoria reigned over Britain for over 60 years / in/during the reign of Charles II |
| abdicate |
/ˈæbdɪkeɪt/ |
v. |
退位 |
If a king or queen abdicates, he or she gives up being king or queen / The king was forced to abdicate the throne |
| administration |
/ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən/ |
n. |
行政机关/管理 |
The school administration is responsible for setting academic policy / the day-to-day administration of a company |
| institute |
/ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/ |
v./n. |
设立/机构 |
The government decided to institute new regulations / a research institute |
| amendment |
/əˈmɛndmənt/ |
n. |
修改/ 修正案 |
The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote |
| colonize |
/ˈkɒlənaɪz/ |
v. |
殖民，开拓 |
European powers colonized many parts of Africa in the 19th century |
| monarchy |
/ˈmɒnərki/ |
n. |
君主制 |
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy |
| republican |
/rɪˈpʌblɪkən/ |
adj./n. |
共和党人 |
The Republican candidate won the election |
| anarchism |
/ˈænərkɪzəm/ |
n. |
无政府主义 |
Anarchism proposes a society free from governmental control |
| doctrine |
/ˈdɒktrɪn/ |
n. |
教义，主义 |
the Marxist doctrine of perpetual revolution |
| municipal |
/mjuːˈnɪsɪpəl/ |
adj. |
市政的 |
The municipal authorities gave the go-ahead for the march / municipal elections |
| strike |
/straɪk/ |
n./v. |
罢工 |
The workers went on strike for better wages |
| scandal |
/ˈskændl/ |
n. |
丑闻 |
The political scandal led to the president’s resignation |
| welfare |
/ˈwɛlfɛər/ |
n. |
福利 |
Welfare programs aim to support those in financial need |
| bureaucracy |
/bjʊˈrɒkrəsi/ |
n. |
官僚制度 |
State bureaucracies can tend to stifle enterprise and initiative (国家官僚体制会压抑人的进取心和积极性) |
| designation |
/ˌdɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən/ |
n. |
指定，名称 |
The district is under consideration for designation as a conservation area |
| reactionary |
/riˈækʃəneri/ |
n. |
反动的/ 保守的 |
A reactionary person or group tries to prevent changes in the political or social system of their country / The Portuguese revolutionaries framed a liberal constitution for the kingdom, but they were conservative or reactionary in relation to Brazil |
| abrogate |
/ˈæbrəɡeɪt/ |
v. |
废除 |
Soon it became clear that the Portuguese parliament intended to set the clock back by abrogating all the liberties and concessions won by Brazil since 1808 |
| position |
/pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ |
n. |
看法/立场 |
My parents always took the position that early nights meant healthy children / to take a moderate position on most of the key issues |
| strategic importance |
/strəˈtiːdʒɪk/ |
n. |
战略重要性 |
The choice of Memphis by Egypt’s first kings reflects the site’s strategic importance |
| opportune location |
/ˌɑːpərˈtuːn/ |
adj. |
恰好的/适当的 |
the apex of the Nile River delta was a politically opportune location for the state’s administrative center |
| preoccupation |
/priˌɑːkjuˈpeɪʃn/ |
n. |
关注/首要任务 |
Access to, and control of, trade routes between Egypt and the Near East seems to have been a preoccupation of Egypt’s rulers during the period of state formation |
