| hydrogen |
/ˈhaɪdrədʒən/ |
n. |
氢 |
Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe |
| helium |
/ˈhiːliəm/ |
n. |
氦 |
Helium is used in balloons because it is lighter than air |
| lithium |
/ˈlɪθiəm/ |
n. |
锂 |
Lithium is a soft, silvery metal used in batteries. |
| beryllium |
/bəˈrɪliəm/ |
n. |
铍 |
Beryllium is a hard, grayish metal used as an alloying agent in structural metals. |
| boron |
/ˈbɔːrɒn/ |
n. |
硼 |
Boron is a metalloid element used in making heat-resistant glass. |
| carbon |
/ˈkɑːrbən/ |
n. |
碳 |
Carbon is a non-metallic element found in all organic life |
| nitrogen |
/ˈnaɪtrədʒən/ |
n. |
氮 |
The tanker was carrying liquid nitrogen |
| oxygen |
/ˈɑːksɪdʒən/ |
n. |
氧 |
Oxygen is essential for most life forms on Earth. |
| fluorine |
/ˈflʊəriːn/ |
n. |
氟 |
Fluorine is a highly reactive, pale yellow gas. |
| neon |
/ˈniːɒn/ |
n. |
氖 |
Neon is a noble gas used in neon lights. |
| sodium |
/ˈsoʊdiəm/ |
n. |
钠 |
Sodium is a soft, reactive metal used in many salts |
| magnesium |
/mægˈniːziəm/ |
n. |
镁，镁元素 |
Magnesium is a light, silvery-white metal |
| aluminum |
/əˈluːmɪnəm/ |
n. |
铝 |
Aluminum is a lightweight, ductile metal used in many industries. |
| silicon |
/ˈsɪlɪkɒn/ |
n. |
硅 |
Silicon is commonly used in the semiconductor industry |
| phosphorus |
/ˈfɑːsfərəs/ |
n. |
磷 |
Phosphorus is a highly-reactive, nonmetallic element |
| sulfur |
/ˈsʌlfər/ |
n. |
硫 |
Sulfur is a yellow chemical element used in the production of sulfuric acid. |
| chlorine |
/ˈklɔːriːn/ |
n. |
氯 |
Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. |
| argon |
/ˈɑːrgɒn/ |
n. |
氩 |
Argon is a colorless, odorless noble gas used in light bulbs. |
| potassium |
/pəˈtæsiəm/ |
n. |
钾 |
Potassium is a soft, silvery-white metal, vital for living organisms. |
| calcium |
/ˈkælsiəm/ |
n. |
钙 |
Calcium is important for healthy bones and teeth. |
| copper |
/ˈkɑːpər/ |
n. |
铜 |
Copper is a useful metal for conducting electricity |
| lead |
/lɛd/ |
n. |
铅 |
Lead is a heavy, soft, malleable metal. |
| mercury |
/ˈmɜːrkjʊri/ |
n. |
水银，汞 |
Mercury is a liquid metal used in many thermometers |
| nickel |
/ˈnɪkəl/ |
n. |
镍 |
Nickel is a silver-white metal used in various alloys |
| platinum |
/ˈplætɪnəm/ |
n. |
铂，白金 |
Platinum is a precious metal that is more valuable than gold |
| silver |
/ˈsɪlvər/ |
n. |
银 |
Silver is a shiny, white metal often used for jewelry. |
| tin |
/tɪn/ |
n. |
锡 |
Tin is a soft, silvery-white metal used for coating steel |
| zinc |
/zɪŋk/ |
n. |
锌 |
Zinc is a useful metal in the production of batteries |
| caustic |
/ˈkɔːstɪk/ |
adj. |
腐蚀性的 |
Caustic chemicals can burn or corrode material surfaces / Remember that this is caustic, use gloves or a spoon |
| erosion |
/ɪˈroʊʒən/ |
n. |
侵蚀，腐蚀 |
Soil erosion is a common environmental concern |
| corrode |
/kəˈroʊd/ |
v. |
腐蚀 |
Salt water can corrode metal over time |
| rot |
/rɑːt/ |
v./n. |
腐烂 |
If you don’t preserve food properly, it will rot |
| rotten |
/ˈrɑːtn/ |
adj. |
腐烂的 |
The apple is rotten and not fit for consumption |
| decay |
/dɪˈkeɪ/ |
v./n. |
腐烂 |
The smell of death and decay hung over the town |
| decomposition |
/ˌdiːkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/ |
n. |
分解，腐烂 |
Decomposition of organic matter provides nutrients for plants |
| stale |
/steɪl/ |
adj. |
(食物) 不新鲜的，变味的 |
Stale bread is hard and not suitable for eating |
| rust |
/rʌst/ |
v./n. |
生锈 |
Iron can rust if exposed to moisture and oxygen |
| silica |
/ˈsɪlɪkə/ |
n. |
二氧化硅 |
Silica is a common component in sand and quartz |
| crystal |
/ˈkrɪstl/ |
n. |
水晶，晶体 |
Salt crystals are commonly used in chemistry experiments |
| gasoline |
/ˈgæsəliːn/ |
n. |
汽油 |
Gasoline is a common fuel used in most cars |
| methane |
/ˈmeθeɪn/ |
n. |
甲烷，沼气 |
Methane is a common greenhouse gas |
| hydrocarbon |
/ˌhaɪdrəʊˈkɑːrbən/ |
n. |
烃，碳氢化合物 |
Hydrocarbons are the main components of petroleum and natural gas |
| petroleum |
/pəˈtroʊliəm/ |
n. |
石油 |
Petroleum is used to make gasoline and other fuels |
| plastic |
/ˈplæstɪk/ |
n. |
塑料 |
Plastic is used in a variety of products, from bottles to toys |
| intermediary |
/ˌɪntərˈmiːdiːeri/ |
n. |
中间人 |
An intermediary substance facilitates a chemical reaction / She wanted him to act as an intermediary in the dispute with Moscow. |
| catalysis |
/kəˈtælɪsɪs/ |
n. |
催化作用 |
Catalysis speeds up a chemical reaction |
| catalyst |
/ˈkætəlɪst/ |
n. |
催化剂 |
Enzymes often act as biological catalysts |
| adhesive |
/ədˈhiːsɪv/ |
n. |
粘合剂 |
Glue is a common type of adhesive |
| scorch |
/skɔːrtʃ/ |
v./n. |
烧焦/枯萎 |
The leaves are inclined to scorch in hot sunshine |
| bleach |
/bliːtʃ/ |
v./n. |
漂白 |
You can bleach your clothes to remove stains |
| tint |
/tɪnt/ |
v./n. |
色彩，色泽 |
You can tint windows to reduce sunlight |
| dye |
/daɪ/ |
v./n. |
染色，染料 |
You can dye fabric to change its color |
| biochemistry |
/ˌbaɪoʊˈkemɪstri/ |
n. |
生物化学 |
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms |
| alchemy |
/ˈælkəmi/ |
n. |
炼金术 |
Alchemy is a historical predecessor to modern chemistry |
| ion |
/ˈaɪɒn/ |
n. |
离子 |
Ions are atoms or molecules with a net electric charge |
| molecule |
/ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/ |
n. |
分子 |
A molecule of water consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom |
| solubility |
/ˌsɒljʊˈbɪlɪti/ |
n. |
溶解性 |
The solubility of a substance refers to its ability to dissolve in a solvent |
| solution |
/səˈluːʃn/ |
n. |
溶液 |
A salt solution is made by dissolving salt in water |
| solvent |
/ˈsɑːlvənt/ |
n. |
溶剂 |
A solvent is a liquid that can dissolve other substances / Water is a common solvent used in many chemical reactions |
| solute |
/ˈsɑːljuːt/ |
n. |
溶质 |
solvent + solute = solution |
| dissolve |
/dɪˈzɑːlv/ |
v. |
溶解 |
Sugar dissolves quickly in hot water |
| impurity |
/ɪmˈpjʊrəti/ |
n. |
杂质 |
Impurities in metals can weaken their strength |
| compound |
/ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ |
n. |
化合物 |
Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen |
| substance |
/ˈsʌbstəns/ |
n. |
物质 |
There’s absolutely no regulation of cigarettes to make sure that they don’t include poisonous substances |
| particle |
/ˈpɑːrtɪkl/ |
n. |
粒子，颗粒 |
Dust particles are very small and often not visible to the eye |
| explosive |
/ɪkˈsploʊsɪv/ |
adj./n. |
爆炸性的/爆炸物 |
an explosive device / The car had been rigged with about 300 lbs of explosive |
| explode |
/ɪkˈsploʊd/ |
v. |
爆炸 |
Gasoline can explode under certain conditions |
| blast |
/blæst/ |
v./n. |
爆炸/一阵 |
250 people were killed in the blast / A blast of wind can blow leaves off trees |
| burning |
/ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/ |
adj./n. |
燃烧 |
The burning wood crackled in the fireplace |
| kindle |
/ˈkɪndl/ |
v. |
点燃 |
to kindle a fire/flame / The Second World War kindled his enthusiasm for politics |
| sear |
/sɪr/ |
v. |
烤焦；轻煎 |
Sear the meat on high heat to lock in the juices |
| neutralize |
/ˈnuːtrəˌlaɪz/ |
v. |
中和，抵消 |
Vinegar can neutralize the effect of baking soda in a solution |
| polymerization |
/ˌpɑːlɪˈmɛrɪˌzeɪʃən/ |
n. |
聚合作用 |
Polymerization is a process used in making plastics |
| synthetic |
/sɪnˈθɛtɪk/ |
adj. |
合成的 |
Synthetic materials are used to make a variety of products |
| hackneyed |
/ˈhækniːd/ |
adj. |
老生常谈的/ 不新奇的 |
Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.That’s the old hackneyed phrase, but it’s true |
