| atom |
/ˈæt.əm/ |
n. |
原子 |
Atoms are the basic units of matter and the defining structure of elements |
| nucleus |
/ˈnjuː.kli.əs/ |
n. |
原子核 |
The nucleus is the central part of an atom where protons and neutrons are located |
| nuclei |
/ˈnjuː.klaɪ/ |
n. |
原子核（复数） |
The nuclei of radioactive atoms are unstable and may decay |
| electron |
/ɪˈlek.trɒn/ |
n. |
电子 |
Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom |
| proton |
/ˈprəʊ.tɒn/ |
n. |
质子 |
The number of protons in an atom determines its chemical element |
| neutron |
/ˈnjuː.trɒn/ |
n. |
中子 |
Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom and have no charge |
| molecule |
/ˈmɒl.ɪ.kjuːl/ |
n. |
分子 |
A molecule of water consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom |
| ion |
/ˈaɪ.ɒn/ |
n. |
离子 |
An ion is an atom with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
| nuclear fusion |
/ˈnjuː.kli.ər ˈfjuː.ʒən/ |
n. |
核聚变 |
Nuclear fusion is the process of combining the nuclei of atoms to release energy |
| ultrasonics |
/ˌʌl.trəˈsɒn.ɪks/ |
n. |
超声波学 |
Ultrasonics is the study of sound waves with frequencies higher than the human audible range. |
| sonar |
/ˈsəʊ.nɑːr/ |
n. |
声纳（设备） |
Sonar is used by submarines to detect other objects underwater |
| band |
/bænd/ |
n. |
频带 |
In radio, different frequencies are divided into bands / Short-wave radio uses the 20-50 metre band |
| acoustic |
/əˈkuː.stɪk/ |
adj. |
声学的 |
Acoustic guitars are favored by some musicians for their natural sound |
| electromagnetism |
/ɪˌlek.trəʊˈmæɡ.nɪ.tɪz.m/ |
n. |
电磁学 |
Electromagnetism plays a vital role in technologies like radio, television, and electricity |
| electronics |
/ɪˌlekˈtrɒn.ɪks/ |
n. |
电子学 |
Electronics is the study of how to control the flow of electrons |
| electronic |
/ɪˌlekˈtrɒn.ɪk/ |
adj. |
电子的 |
Electronic devices, such as smartphones, are now a vital part of our daily lives |
| electricity |
/ɪˈlek.trɪs.ɪ.ti/ |
n. |
电力 |
Electricity powers many of the appliances in our homes |
| current |
/ˈkɜː.rənt/ |
n. |
电流 |
direct current / alternating current |
| discharge |
/dɪsˈʧɑːrdʒ/ |
n. |
放电 |
Lightning is a natural form of electrical discharge |
| semiconductor |
/ˌsɛm.iː.kənˈdʌk.tər/ |
n. |
半导体 |
Semiconductors are used in the manufacture of various electronic devices |
| conductor |
/kənˈdʌk.tər/ |
n. |
导体 |
Copper is a good conductor of electricity |
| transistor |
/trænˈzɪs.tər/ |
n. |
晶体管 |
Transistors are used to amplify or switch electronic signals and power |
| insulator |
/ˈɪn.sjʊ.leɪ.tər/ |
n. |
绝缘体 |
Rubber is an insulator, which means it doesn’t conduct electricity well |
| magnetism |
/ˈmæɡ.nə.tɪz.m/ |
n. |
磁性 |
Magnetism is a force of attraction or repulsion between objects with a magnetic field |
| electromagnet |
/ɪˌlek.trəʊˈmæɡ.nɪt/ |
n. |
电磁铁 |
An electromagnet can be turned on and off by controlling the electrical current |
| microwave |
/ˈmaɪ.krə.weɪv/ |
n. |
微波 |
Microwaves are used in cooking and in various communication technologies |
| ultraviolet |
/ˌʌl.trəˈvaɪ.ə.lɪt/ |
adj. |
紫外线的 |
Ultraviolet rays from the sun can cause skin damage if you’re not properly protected. |
| mechanics |
/mɪˈkæn.ɪks/ |
n. |
力学 |
Mechanics is the branch of physics dealing with the motion of objects |
| friction |
/ˈfrɪk.ʃən/ |
n. |
摩擦力 |
Friction between two surfaces can produce heat. |
| elasticity |
/ˌiː.læsˈtɪs.ɪ.ti/ |
n. |
弹性 |
The elasticity of a rubber band allows it to stretch and return to its original shape |
| cohesion |
/kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/ |
n. |
凝聚力 |
Cohesion is the force that holds molecules together in a substance |
| oscillation |
/ˌɒs.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ |
n. |
振动，摆动 |
The oscillation of a pendulum is a classic example of harmonic motion |
| transverse |
/ˈtrænzvɜːrs/ |
adj. |
横向的 |
|
| vibration |
/vaɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/ |
n. |
震动 |
The vibration of the machine could be felt through the floor |
| relativity |
/ˌrel.əˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ |
n. |
相对论 |
Einstein’s theory of relativity revolutionized the way we understand space and time |
| velocity |
/vəˈlɒs.ɪ.ti/ |
n. |
速度 |
The velocity of an object is its speed in a specific direction. |
| force |
/fɔːrs/ |
n. |
力量 |
The force applied to an object is equal to the mass of the object times its acceleration. |
| dynamics |
/daɪˈnæm.ɪks/ |
n. |
动力学 |
Dynamics studies the forces that cause objects to move |
| impetus |
/ˈɪm.pɪ.təs/ |
n. |
推动力 |
The new policy provided the impetus for change |
| acceleration |
/əˌksel.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ |
n. |
加速度 |
The car’s acceleration impressed everyone during the test drive |
| decelerate |
/diːˈsel.ə.reɪt/ |
v. |
减速 |
To stop safely, the driver must decelerate gradually |
| expedite |
/ˈek.spə.daɪt/ |
v. |
加快，促进 |
To expedite the process, additional staff were hired |
| thermodynamics |
/ˌθɜːməʊ.daɪˈnæm.ɪks/ |
n. |
热力学 |
Thermodynamics is the study of heat, energy, and the transformation between them |
| thermometer |
/θəˈmɒm.ɪ.tər/ |
n. |
温度计 |
The thermometer showed that the patient’s temperature was above normal |
| centigrade |
/ˈsen.tɪˌɡreɪd/ |
n. |
摄氏度 |
Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade |
| optics |
/ˈɒp.tɪks/ |
n. |
光学 |
Optics is the study of the behavior and properties of light |
| emit |
/ɪˈmɪt/ |
v. |
发射 |
The machine emits a loud noise when it’s operating |
| optical |
/ˈɒp.tɪ.kəl/ |
adj. |
光学的 |
Optical fibers transmit data as light signals |
| opaque |
/əˈpeɪk/ |
adj. |
不透明的 |
The windows were opaque, blocking any view inside. |
| translucent |
/trænsˈluː.sənt/ |
adj. |
半透明的 |
The translucent fabric allowed some light to pass through |
| transparent |
/trænsˈpærənt/ |
adj. |
透明的 |
a sheet of transparent coloured plastic |
| spectrum |
/ˈspek.trəm/ |
n. |
光谱 |
Sunlight is made up of the entire spectrum of colors |
| wavelength |
/ˈweɪv.lenθ/ |
n. |
波长 |
Different colors of light have different wavelengths / We could complete each other’s sentences because we were on the same wavelength |
| magnifier |
/ˈmæɡ.nɪ.faɪ.ər/ |
n. |
放大镜 |
A magnifier can help to see small details more clearly |
| lens |
/lenz/ |
n. |
镜片 |
The camera’s lens needed to be cleaned. |
| brink |
/brɪŋk/ |
n. |
边缘 |
They were on the brink of discovery when the funding ran out |
| brim |
/brɪm/ |
n. |
边缘 |
The cup was filled to the brim with coffee |
| bulk |
/bʌlk/ |
n. |
大部分 |
The bulk of the work was completed on time |
| precipitate |
/prɪˈsɪp.ɪ.teɪt/ |
v. |
沉淀，急促 |
The announcement may precipitate a crisis |
| transpire |
/trænˈspaɪ.ər/ |
v. |
发生 |
What transpired at the meeting will remain confidential |
| eject |
/ɪˈdʒekt/ |
v. |
弹出/逐出 |
The pilot ejected from the plane and escaped injury |
| thaw |
/θɔː/ |
v. |
解冻 |
The snow began to thaw as the temperatures rose |
| clot |
/klɒt/ |
n. |
凝块 |
A blood clot can be a serious medical condition |
| sublimation |
/ˌsʌblɪˈmeɪʃn/ |
v. |
升华 |
In the laboratory, scientists used sublimation to purify the volatile compound, transforming it from a solid into a gas for collection. |
| evaporation |
/ɪˌvæp.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ |
n. |
蒸发 |
Evaporation of the water left behind salt crystals. |
| distillation |
/ˌdɪs.tɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ |
n. |
蒸馏 |
Distillation is a process used to separate substances in a mixture based on their boiling points. |
| ventilation |
/ˌven.tɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ |
n. |
通风 |
Proper ventilation is essential in a confined workspace. |
| equilibrium |
/ˌiː.kwɪˈlɪb.ri.əm/ |
n. |
平衡 |
The market is in equilibrium when supply equals demand |
| density |
/ˈden.sɪ.ti/ |
n. |
密度 |
The density of the material determines its strength |
| dilute |
/daɪˈluːt/ |
v. |
稀释 |
You should dilute the juice with water before drinking it |
| dehydrate |
/diːˈhaɪ.dreɪt/ |
v. |
脱水 |
Dehydrating fruit preserves it for longer storage. |
| declivity |
/dɪˈklɪv.ɪ.ti/ |
n. |
倾斜 |
The trail followed the declivity of the mountain |
| attrition |
/əˈtrɪʃ.ən/ |
n. |
消耗，磨损 |
The company is facing high attrition among its senior staff |
