| geology |
/dʒiˈɒlədʒi/ |
n. |
地质学/地质状况 |
the geology of the British Isles |
| quartz |
/kwɔːrts/ |
n. |
石英 |
Quartz is a common mineral found in many types of rocks |
| marble |
/ˈmɑːrbl/ |
n. |
大理石 |
The statue was carved from a single block of marble |
| granite |
/ˈɡrænɪt/ |
n. |
花岗岩 |
The kitchen countertops are made of polished granite |
| limestone |
/ˈlaɪmˌstoʊn/ |
n. |
石灰岩 |
Limestone is often used in the construction of buildings |
| fieldstone |
/ˈfiːldˌstoʊn/ |
n. |
建筑用的散石 |
The old church was built from local fieldstone |
| carbonate |
/‘kɑːrbənət/ |
n. |
碳酸盐 |
to prohibit the formation of carbonate minerals |
| emerald |
/ˈɛmərəld/ |
n. |
绿宝石 |
She wore a necklace with a large emerald pendant |
| ruby |
/ˈruːbi/ |
n. |
红宝石 |
His mother’s ruby ring was passed down to him |
| sapphire |
/ˈsæfaɪər/ |
n. |
蓝宝石 |
A deep blue sapphire is considered very valuable. |
| wiikite |
/‘wi:kaɪt/ |
n. |
黑稀金矿 |
Wiikite is a rare mineral named after the Finnish geologist, Richard Wiik |
| lead |
/lɛd/ |
n. |
铅 |
Lead is a heavy, soft, malleable metal |
| pit |
/pɪt/ |
n. |
坑，矿坑 |
Workers were digging a pit to extract coal |
| borehole |
/ˈbɔːrhoʊl/ |
n. |
钻孔，钻井 |
The geologist ordered a borehole to investigate the sub-surface conditions |
| bonanza |
/bəˈnænzə/ |
n. |
富矿带 |
The discovery of gold was a bonanza for the miners |
| vein |
/veɪn/ |
n. |
矿脉 |
The miners were following a vein of gold deep into the earth |
| mineral |
/ˈmɪnərəl/ |
n. |
矿物/矿物质 |
Calcium is a mineral that’s crucial for many bodily functions. |
| ore |
/ɔːr/ |
n. |
矿石 |
Iron ore is used to make steel |
| sediment |
/ˈsɛdɪmənt/ |
n. |
沉积物 |
The river’s speed slows, allowing sediment to deposit on the riverbed |
| petrify |
/ˈpɛtrɪfaɪ/ |
v. |
使…石化 |
Slogans petrify our thinking |
| crater |
/ˈkreɪtər/ |
n. |
坑/火山口 |
The lunar surface is covered in craters |
| glacial |
/ˈɡleɪʃəl/ |
adj. |
冰川的 |
The slow glacial pace of governmental change can be frustrating. |
| plate |
/pleɪt/ |
n. |
（地壳）板块 |
The Earth’s crust is made up of several large plates |
| tremor |
/ˈtrɛmər/ |
n. |
轻微（小）地震 |
A tremor is a small earthquake / The tremor was barely noticeable in the city center. |
| seism |
/ˈsaɪzm/ |
n. |
地震 |
A seism was detected off the coast of Japan |
| seismic |
/ˈsaɪzmɪk/ |
adj. |
地震的 |
Seismic activity is common in this region |
| seismology |
/ˌsaɪzmˈɒlədʒi/ |
n. |
地震学 |
She has a PhD in seismology and works at the national observatory |
| magnitude |
/ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ |
n. |
震级 |
The earthquake had a magnitude of 6.7 on the Richter scale |
| cataclysm |
/ˈkætəklɪzəm/ |
n. |
大灾变 |
A cataclysm is an event that causes great change or harm / The ice age was a cataclysm that changed the Earth’s climate for thousands of years |
| stratum |
/ˈstreɪtəm/ |
n. |
地层/社会阶层 |
Fossil remains were found in the lower stratum |
| crust |
/krʌst/ |
n. |
地壳 |
The Earth’s crust is thickest under mountain ranges. |
| mantle |
/ˈmæntl/ |
n. |
地幔 |
The mantle is a layer of the Earth’s interior between the crust and the core |
| atmosphere |
/ˈætməsfɪr/ |
n. |
大气层 |
The Earth’s atmosphere protects us from the sun’s harmful rays |
| hydrosphere |
/ˈhaɪdrəˌsfɪr/ |
n. |
水圈 |
The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all water on, above, and below the surface of the planet |
| lithosphere |
/ˈlɪθəˌsfɪr/ |
n. |
岩石圈 |
The lithosphere is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial planet. |
| biosphere |
/ˈbaɪoʊˌsfɪr/ |
n. |
生物圈 |
The biosphere refers to the global sum of all ecosystems |
| lithogenous |
/ˌlɪθˈɑːdʒənəs/ |
adj. |
岩石形成的 |
Lithogenous sediment is sediment that is derived from the erosion of rocks |
| fault plane |
/fɔːlt pleɪn/ |
n. |
断层面 |
The earthquake was caused by a sudden shift along a fault plane |
| magma |
/ˈmægmə/ |
n. |
岩浆 |
Magma rises from the mantle to the Earth’s surface during a volcanic eruption |
| squirt |
/skwɜːrt/ |
v. |
喷射，迸出 |
The lemon squirted juice when it was squeezed |
| outburst |
/ˈaʊtbɜːrst/ |
n. |
(火山、情感的)爆发 |
The volcano’s outburst caused panic in the nearby town. |
| eruption |
/ɪˈrʌpʃən/ |
n. |
火山爆发 |
The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 was a major disaster |
| volcanic |
/vɒˈlænɪk/ |
adj. |
火山的 |
The volcanic eruption created a new island in the Pacific Ocean. |
| thermal |
/ˈθɜːrməl/ |
adj. |
热的，热量的 |
Thermal energy can be converted into electricity. |
| tundra |
/ˈtʌndrə/ |
n. |
冻原，苔原 |
The tundra is characterized by cold temperatures and short growing seasons |
| rifting |
/ˈrɪftɪŋ/ |
n. |
裂谷/断裂 |
The magma is probably generated by rifting |
| fold |
/ |
n. |
地质褶皱 |
Venus may continue to be geologically active with volcanoes, rifting, and folding |
| dune |
/djuːn/ |
n. |
沙丘 |
wind action has scoured fine particles away from large areas, depositing them elsewhere as vast sand seas dominated by dunes or in sheets of loess |
| loess |
/ˈloʊes/ |
n. |
黄土 |
The Loess Plateau program is among the most famous / Loess is a special kind of clayed soil |
| apex |
/ˈeɪpeks/ |
n. |
顶点 |
the apex of the roof/triangle / the apex of the Nile River delta |
